FFmpeg5入门教程10.13:Linux下摄像头捕获并编码为h264

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上一篇:FFmpeg5入门教程10.12:h264编码为mp4

上一篇是将H264流封装到MP4容器中,本篇介绍一个最常用的捕获原始数据的方法:从摄像头获取数据。

因为本人已经放弃windows操作系统,所以使用linux来获取摄像头并编码为H264文件保存。

linux下使用video4linux2作为设备来定义统一的接口,先看一下摄像头数据信息:

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$ ffprobe /dev/video0
...
Input #0, video4linux2,v4l2, from '/dev/video0':
Duration: N/A, start: 4232.341681, bitrate: 110592 kb/s
Stream #0:0: Video: rawvideo (YUY2 / 0x32595559), yuyv422, 640x360, 110592 kb/s, 30 fps, 30 tbr, 1000k tbn, 1000k tbc

摄像头原始数据为YVYU422格式,而我们一般使用的是YUV420P。所以我们编码之前需要将其解码为YUV420P(当然也可以不解码,因为视频播放的时候也会解码,这里只是为了入门教学)。

那么步骤就是读取摄像头YUYV422数据->解码为YUV420P->编码为H264流->保存文件。

先看一下流程:

flow

先将打开和保存的步骤写好,然后读取每一帧,读到一帧后解码,然后送入编码器,保存文件。

先看一下

打开摄像头部分

首先打开摄像头

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avdevice_register_all();

AVInputFormat *inFmt = av_find_input_format("v4l2");
if(avformat_open_input(&inFmtCtx,"/dev/video0",inFmt,NULL)<0){
printf("Cannot open camera.\n");
return -1;
}

先注册所有的设备,然后打开v4l2(video4linux2)用于读取摄像头数据,接下来的步骤和之前的一样

解码部分代码如下:

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avdevice_register_all();

/////////////解码器部分//////////////////////
AVFormatContext *inFmtCtx = avformat_alloc_context();
AVCodecContext *inCodecCtx = NULL;
AVCodec *inCodec =NULL;
AVPacket *inPkt =av_packet_alloc();
AVFrame *srcFrame =av_frame_alloc();
AVFrame *yuvFrame =av_frame_alloc();

struct SwsContext *img_ctx = NULL;

int inVideoStreamIndex = -1;

//打开摄像头
AVInputFormat *inFmt = av_find_input_format("v4l2");
if(avformat_open_input(&inFmtCtx,"/dev/video0",inFmt,NULL)<0){
printf("Cannot open camera.\n");
return -1;
}

if(avformat_find_stream_info(inFmtCtx,NULL)<0){
printf("Cannot find any stream in file.\n");
return -1;
}

for(size_t i=0;i<inFmtCtx->nb_streams;i++){
if(inFmtCtx->streams[i]->codecpar->codec_type==AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO){
inVideoStreamIndex=i;
break;
}
}
if(inVideoStreamIndex==-1){
printf("Cannot find video stream in file.\n");
return -1;
}

AVCodecParameters *inVideoCodecPara = inFmtCtx->streams[inVideoStreamIndex]->codecpar;
if(!(inCodec=avcodec_find_decoder(inVideoCodecPara->codec_id))){
printf("Cannot find valid video decoder.\n");
return -1;
}
if(!(inCodecCtx = avcodec_alloc_context3(inCodec))){
printf("Cannot alloc valid decode codec context.\n");
return -1;
}
if(avcodec_parameters_to_context(inCodecCtx,inVideoCodecPara)<0){
printf("Cannot initialize parameters.\n");
return -1;
}

if(avcodec_open2(inCodecCtx,inCodec,NULL)<0){
printf("Cannot open codec.\n");
return -1;
}

img_ctx = sws_getContext(inCodecCtx->width,
inCodecCtx->height,
inCodecCtx->pix_fmt,
inCodecCtx->width,
inCodecCtx->height,
AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P,
SWS_BICUBIC,
NULL,NULL,NULL);

int numBytes = av_image_get_buffer_size(AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P,
inCodecCtx->width,
inCodecCtx->height,1);
uint8_t* out_buffer = (unsigned char*)av_malloc(numBytes*sizeof(unsigned char));

ret = av_image_fill_arrays(yuvFrame->data,
yuvFrame->linesize,
out_buffer,
AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P,
inCodecCtx->width,
inCodecCtx->height,
1);
if(ret<0){
printf("Fill arrays failed.\n");
return -1;
}
//////////////解码器部分结束/////////////////////

就是普通的打开编码器流程,此部分代码和FFmpeg5入门教程05:解码视频流过程部分一样。

打开保存文件部分

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//////////////编码器部分开始/////////////////////
const char* outFile = "result.h264";

AVOutputFormat *outFmt = NULL;
AVCodecContext *outCodecCtx=NULL;
AVCodec *outCodec = NULL;
AVStream *outVStream = NULL;

AVPacket *outPkt = av_packet_alloc();

//打开输出文件,并填充fmtCtx数据
AVFormatContext *outFmtCtx = avformat_alloc_context();
if(avformat_alloc_output_context2(&outFmtCtx,NULL,NULL,outFile)<0){
printf("Cannot alloc output file context.\n");
return -1;
}
outFmt = outFmtCtx->oformat;

//打开输出文件
if(avio_open(&outFmtCtx->pb,outFile,AVIO_FLAG_READ_WRITE)<0){
printf("output file open failed.\n");
return -1;
}

//创建h264视频流,并设置参数
outVStream = avformat_new_stream(outFmtCtx,outCodec);
if(outVStream==nullptr){
printf("create new video stream fialed.\n");
return -1;
}
outVStream->time_base.den=30;
outVStream->time_base.num=1;

//编码参数相关
AVCodecParameters *outCodecPara = outFmtCtx->streams[outVStream->index]->codecpar;
outCodecPara->codec_type=AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
outCodecPara->codec_id = outFmt->video_codec;
outCodecPara->width = 480;
outCodecPara->height = 360;
outCodecPara->bit_rate = 110000;

//查找编码器
outCodec = avcodec_find_encoder(outFmt->video_codec);
if(outCodec==NULL){
printf("Cannot find any encoder.\n");
return -1;
}

//设置编码器内容
outCodecCtx = avcodec_alloc_context3(outCodec);
avcodec_parameters_to_context(outCodecCtx,outCodecPara);
if(outCodecCtx==NULL){
printf("Cannot alloc output codec content.\n");
return -1;
}
outCodecCtx->codec_id = outFmt->video_codec;
outCodecCtx->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
outCodecCtx->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;
outCodecCtx->width = inCodecCtx->width;
outCodecCtx->height = inCodecCtx->height;
outCodecCtx->time_base.num=1;
outCodecCtx->time_base.den=30;
outCodecCtx->bit_rate=110000;
outCodecCtx->gop_size=10;

if(outCodecCtx->codec_id==AV_CODEC_ID_H264){
outCodecCtx->qmin=10;
outCodecCtx->qmax=51;
outCodecCtx->qcompress=(float)0.6;
}else if(outCodecCtx->codec_id==AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO){
outCodecCtx->max_b_frames=2;
}else if(outCodecCtx->codec_id==AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO){
outCodecCtx->mb_decision=2;
}

//打开编码器
if(avcodec_open2(outCodecCtx,outCodec,NULL)<0){
printf("Open encoder failed.\n");
return -1;
}
///////////////编码器部分结束////////////////////

此部分代码和FFmpeg5入门教程12:本地yuv文件编码为h264一样。

编解码部分

先将数据从原始的YUYV422转换为YUV420P,然后再将YUV420P编码为H264。

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///////////////编解码部分//////////////////////
yuvFrame->format = outCodecCtx->pix_fmt;
yuvFrame->width = outCodecCtx->width;
yuvFrame->height = outCodecCtx->height;

ret = avformat_write_header(outFmtCtx,NULL);

int count = 0;
while(av_read_frame(inFmtCtx,inPkt)>=0 && count<50){
if(inPkt->stream_index == inVideoStreamIndex){
if(avcodec_send_packet(inCodecCtx,inPkt)>=0){
while((ret=avcodec_receive_frame(inCodecCtx,srcFrame))>=0){
if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret == AVERROR_EOF)
return -1;
else if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error during decoding\n");
exit(1);
}
sws_scale(img_ctx,
srcFrame->data,srcFrame->linesize,
0,inCodecCtx->height,
yuvFrame->data,yuvFrame->linesize);

yuvFrame->pts=srcFrame->pts;
//encode
if(avcodec_send_frame(outCodecCtx,yuvFrame)>=0){
if(avcodec_receive_packet(outCodecCtx,outPkt)>=0){
printf("encode one frame.\n");
++count;
outPkt->stream_index = outVStream->index;
av_packet_rescale_ts(outPkt,outCodecCtx->time_base,
outVStream->time_base);
outPkt->pos=-1;
av_interleaved_write_frame(outFmtCtx,outPkt);
av_packet_unref(outPkt);
}
}
usleep(1000*24);
}
}
av_packet_unref(inPkt);
}
}

就是先解码然后再编码,将两者结合起来。

结果

编译运行程序,输出为:

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$ ./camera2h264                                
[libx264 @ 0x5565f9304cc0] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX FMA3 BMI2 AVX2
[libx264 @ 0x5565f9304cc0] profile High, level 3.0, 4:2:0, 8-bit
encode one frame.
...
encode one frame.
Flushing stream #0 encoder
success encoder 1 frame.
...
success encoder 1 frame.
[libx264 @ 0x5565f9304cc0] frame I:8 Avg QP:15.79 size: 46078
[libx264 @ 0x5565f9304cc0] frame P:22 Avg QP:13.08 size: 49616
[libx264 @ 0x5565f9304cc0] frame B:45 Avg QP:14.14 size: 41955
[libx264 @ 0x5565f9304cc0] consecutive B-frames: 20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 80.0%
[libx264 @ 0x5565f9304cc0] mb I I16..4: 7.9% 60.7% 31.4%
[libx264 @ 0x5565f9304cc0] mb P I16..4: 2.7% 31.7% 12.3% P16..4: 15.5% 18.6% 14.4% 0.0% 0.0% skip: 4.9%
[libx264 @ 0x5565f9304cc0] mb B I16..4: 0.7% 16.6% 7.2% B16..8: 24.3% 16.9% 8.6% direct:16.1% skip: 9.5% L0:34.1% L1:26.8% BI:39.1%
[libx264 @ 0x5565f9304cc0] final ratefactor: -39.38
[libx264 @ 0x5565f9304cc0] 8x8 transform intra:65.9% inter:39.8%
[libx264 @ 0x5565f9304cc0] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 95.0% 97.3% 93.9% inter: 77.6% 84.7% 72.6%
[libx264 @ 0x5565f9304cc0] i16 v,h,dc,p: 8% 12% 13% 68%
[libx264 @ 0x5565f9304cc0] i8 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 15% 22% 23% 5% 6% 5% 9% 5% 11%
[libx264 @ 0x5565f9304cc0] i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 18% 22% 13% 6% 7% 6% 9% 6% 11%
[libx264 @ 0x5565f9304cc0] i8c dc,h,v,p: 72% 11% 10% 8%
[libx264 @ 0x5565f9304cc0] Weighted P-Frames: Y:22.7% UV:22.7%
[libx264 @ 0x5565f9304cc0] ref P L0: 58.8% 10.1% 18.3% 12.8% 0.1%
[libx264 @ 0x5565f9304cc0] ref B L0: 77.4% 18.8% 3.8%
[libx264 @ 0x5565f9304cc0] ref B L1: 87.4% 12.6%
[libx264 @ 0x5565f9304cc0] kb/s:0.15

然后使用ffplay检测一下结果是否正确:

result

当然可以参照FFmpeg5入门教程8:软解并使用QtWidget播放视频(YUV420P->RGB32)直接在QT界面显示摄像头数据。

Windows下

Windows下要先查询可用的摄像头

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$ ./ffmpeg -list_devices true -f dshow -i dummy
ffmpeg version n4.4.4-6-gd5fa6e3a91-20230904 Copyright (c) 2000-2023 the FFmpeg
developers
built with gcc 13.1.0 (crosstool-NG 1.25.0.196_227d99d)
...
[dshow @ 00000213f817c9c0] DirectShow video devices (some may be both video and
audio devices)
[dshow @ 00000213f817c9c0] "Logi C270 HD WebCam"
[dshow @ 00000213f817c9c0] Alternative name "@device_pnp_\\?\usb#vid_046d&pi
d_0825&mi_00#7&3979ec89&0&0000#{65e8773d-8f56-11d0-a3b9-00a0c9223196}\global"
[dshow @ 00000213f817c9c0] "OBS Virtual Camera"
[dshow @ 00000213f817c9c0] Alternative name "@device_sw_{860BB310-5D01-11D0-
BD3B-00A0C911CE86}\{A3FCE0F5-3493-419F-958A-ABA1250EC20B}"
[dshow @ 00000213f817c9c0] DirectShow audio devices
[dshow @ 00000213f817c9c0] "Microphone (Logi C270 HD WebCam)"
[dshow @ 00000213f817c9c0] Alternative name "@device_cm_{33D9A762-90C8-11D0-
BD43-00A0C911CE86}\wave_{6BE36877-7131-4CA8-B8C2-6F9F50948E56}"
dummy: Immediate exit requested

打开设备部分代码需要修改为

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AVInputFormat *inFmt = av_find_input_format("dshow");
if(avformat_open_input(&inFmtCtx,"Logi C270 HD WebCam",inFmt,NULL)<0){
printf("Cannot open camera.\n");
return -1;
}

完整代码在ffmpeg_beginner中的10.13.video_encode_camera2h264中。

下一篇:FFmpeg5入门教程10.14:mp3音频解码为pcm


FFmpeg5入门教程10.13:Linux下摄像头捕获并编码为h264
https://feater.top/ffmpeg/ffmpeg-capature-camera-data-and-encode-yuv-to-h264-under-linux/
作者
JackeyLea
发布于
2021年4月30日
许可协议